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Religion and 'Magick' both attempt communication with Deities. Both at one time or another have involved sacrifices. Both have strived for enlightenment and performed rituals for supernatural results. Both practice Divination.The list goes on and on. The only real difference between the two is which practices/rituals were allowed became Religion. The ones that were banned became 'Magick'.
The Elements can categorize many things into four. Temperaments, nature, fields of thought, the possibilities are endless. People who start the practice of categorizing things in this way will see that it sheds additional light on the subject and allows the user to utilize it to their advantage.
The precession of the Equinox is a kind of 'wobble' that the Earth undergoes over hundreds of years. The dates for what sign you are in does not match up to what constellation the sun rises in during that time. This makes much of modern astrology, at least your 'sun sign' benign and it has been used to discount astrology in the past. We take it more seriously and offer you a star map of the moment you were born and thoroughly explain what it means.
Mercury the messenger of the Gods. Interestingly, this planet that was seen by the ancients and was related to the same type of psychopomp, crossroad presiding figure. From the Greeks to the Mayans to the Oriental civilizations.
Aphrodite or Venus was the representation of raw beauty and attraction. Sexuality, seduction, charm and grace.
Although those truly are the alchemical symbols for the deity, the study of the Entities is much more fluid and in the beginner courses we are just trying to get you to relate to the archetypes within your own mind to awaken some of the potential within yourself. The Gods and Goddesses do not live on the planets they correspond to. However, there is an eerie reason the ancients thought that the 'wandering stars' were the Gods.
While the others may only be half truths, the only fully true answer is that it is an umbrella term. From what we can gather since they were largely conquered by the Romans is that they were animistic, meaning they were attuned to and revered the spirit of the world, plants and animals. From them we get the term Druid.
The truest is definitely the Sefirot, the Tree of Life. Also called the Yggdrasil or World Tree in Norse belief, it is a blueprint of creation, a map of dimensions, and a key in how to practice manifestation. There are many many levels to this blueprint and it can be instrumental in learning how to practice real spirituality.
It is easier to remember if you categorize it like Ying and Yang. Seidr was Ying, Earthly, physical and Feminine. Galdr can be Yang, Heavenly, Ethereal and masculine.
While the Salem Witch trials were largely about burning innocent young girls, witches go back a very, very long time. It's always an interesting bit of research if you care to start diving in. It's easy to forget too that there are witches living to this day, especially in places like New Orleans, and other hot spots.