Oxygen delivery systems.
Which of the following can deliver a "fixed" or known Fi02?
The Venturi mask using the "Venturi flow principle" to control the mixture of 100% oxygen from the wall and room air to deliver a fixed Fi02.
What is the maximum flow rate in an adult on Humidified High Flow Nasal Cannulae?
If you ever get a chance to put it on yourself ---do it. It is great to clean out your sinuses.
You have just intubated a 21yr old lady with acute severe asthma. What would reasonable starting parameters on your ventilator?
You require time for expiration and a high Fi02. A low tidal volume is fine. You will just have to titrate the Pa02 and accept a high PaC02.
Also look for a high inspiratory flow (80 to 100l/min) and peak insp pressure <30cm H20.
Easier said than done.
2 patients on Hudson masks at 10l/min wall 02. The first is breathing at 12/min and a tidal volume of 700mls. The second is breathing at 20 per minute and a tidal volume of 1l per breath. Who is getting the higher percentage of oxygen?
As a percentage of the volume going into the 2 patients the first patient is getting more of the 100% 02. So in a variable 02 delivery system, and the Hudson mask is an example, the patient breathing faster and deeper is actually getting a lower Fi02.
Note in the picture from the "Alien" movie---there is no 02 tubing attached.
Why was the delivery of oxygen via the "Tudor Edward's spectacles" (pictured) ceased?
A marvellous invention of the 1920s but unfortunately inpractical.
Which of the following is NOT a contraindication to BIPAP?
BiPAP can be very useful in patients with acute respiratory conditions that cause an elevated PaC02.
Why are you told to pull down on an oxygen mask in a plane?
Oxygen is stored in the solid form of Sodium Chlorate. Pulling down on the mask fires a pin which ignites a primer. The primer creates extreme heat which makes Sodium Chlorate to break down into oxygen and table salt. The oxygen then goes through a filter and down the oxygen tubing into the mask. There you go!!
Which of the following is an advantage of a non rebreather mask over a Hudson mask?
Non re breather masks entrain far less room air. Importantly the reservior bag needs to be filled before placing it on the patient. Depending on the patients minute ventilation it can potentially deliver a quite high % of O2.
What condition are Venturi masks like the one pictured used for?
In Type 2 there is low Pa02 and an elevated PaC02. Typically Venturi masks are used in patients with CAL and chronically elevated PaC02. They are able to give a predictable mildly increased Fi02 without removing these patient's "hypoxic drive to breathe".
Where was the first underwater 02 lounge located?
02 bars have been around since the mid 90s but under water 02 bars where you can walk around, play games and breathe scented 02 are the next step.
My research says it costs US$38.